


Once fired, it is packed meticulously with layers of black sand and black charcoal, which are consumed in the ceramic furnace. The vessel is “fired”-hardened from molded clay into a ceramic-by lighting a fire inside it. This steel is made in a huge clay vessel four feet tall, four feet wide, and twelve feet long called a tatara. “These samurai swords were made from a special type of steel called tamahagane, which translates as “jewel steel,” made from the volcanic black sand of the Pacific (this consists mostly of an iron ore called magnetite, the original material for the needle of compasses).
